CHAPTER 6: Electronic
Commerce: Applications and Issues
Electronic commerce (e-commerce,
EC) describes the buying, selling, transferring or exchanging of products,
services or information via computer networks, including the Internet. E-business
is a broader definition of EC, including buying and selling of goods and
services, and also servicing customers, collaborating with partners, conducting
e-learning and conducting electronic transactions within an organization. Pure
versus Partial Electronic Commerce depends on the degree of digitization
involved, Brick-and-mortar organizations, Virtual organizations, and Click-and-mortar
organizations.
There are six types of E-Commerce,
which are Business-to-consumer (B2C) the sellers are organizations and the
buyers are individuals, Business-to-business (B2B): both the sellers and buyers
are business organizations. B2B represents the vast majority of e-commerce.Consumer-to-consumer
(C2C): an individual sells products or services to other individuals.Business-to-employee
(B2E): An organization uses e-commerce internally to provide information and
services to its employees. Companies allow employees to manage their benefits,
take training classes electronically as well as buy discounted insurance,
travel packages, and event tickets.E-Government: the use of Internet Technology
in general and e-commerce in particular to deliver information about public
services to citizens (called Government-to-citizen [G2C EC]), business partners
and suppliers (called government-to-business [G2B EC]), Mobile Commerce (m-commerce) refers to
e-commerce that is conducted in a wireless environment. For example, using a
cell phone to shop over the Internet.
They are several benefits of
E-Commerce, First Benefits to organizations, it Makes national and
international markets more accessible, and Lowering costs of processing,
distributing, and retrieving information. Second,Benefits to customers, it Access
a vast number of products and services around the clock (24/7/365). Third, Benefits
to Society, its ability to easily and conveniently deliver information,
services and products to people in cities, rural areas and developing
countries. Also, thy are Limitations of
E-Commerce Technological Limitations, it lack of universally accepted security
standards , insufficient telecommunications bandwidth, expensive accessibility.
And Non-technological Limitations like, perception that EC is unsecure, unresolved
legal issues, and lacks a critical mass of sellers and buyers
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